Sign: Village Green no 41

This sign has intrigued me for some years, partly because the signposted area seems small to be designated a village green, also because I didn’t realise village greens were numbered, and I also wondered about the Inclosure Act, in particular the Section 12 that was mentioned. So, I decided to investigate. 

Village Green 41 is a small public green space that sits in front of the stone boundary wall of St Dochdwy's Church in Llandough, in the Vale of Glamorgan, in Wales. According to the Llandough Community Council website, the Council owns the green and is responsible for its maintenance. The green is home to a commemorative Millennium Stone, and has benches for people to sit and enjoy the trees and seasonal flower displays.

The number 41 relates to a Register of Town or Village Greens maintained by the Vale of Glamorgan Council, which, according to their website,

holds the registers compiled by the two former counties of South Glamorgan and Mid Glamorgan.

The registers were compiled, under the Commons Registration Act 1965, between 1967 and 1970 and contain information about all the registered common land and village greens in the Vale of Glamorgan.

Every area of registered land is listed in the registers under a unique Unit (CL or VG) Number. The registers also show if there are any rights of common over the land and record details of claims to ownership.

 

Next, the Inclosure Act 1857, for which I located this excellent summary on the LexisNexis website:

This Act was implemented to address the impact of the widespread enclosure of common lands in England and Wales. It sought to regulate and protect certain remaining public areas from further enclosure, ensuring that they remained accessible for public use. The legislation specifically extended protections to ancient or customary common lands, providing a legal remedy to curtail the loss of public open spaces. It also incorporated measures to uphold public rights of way, ensuring community access and recreational use while recognising the need for continued lawful agricultural operations on enclosed lands. 

As indicated on the Village Green 41 sign, Section 12 of the Inclosure Act relates to ‘Protecting from nuisances town and village greens and allotments for exercise and recreation.’ The details of the Act on the UK Government’s Legislation website explain those nuisances might include ‘wilfully and without lawful authority lead[ing] or driv[ing] any cattle or animal thereon’, or ‘wilfully lay[ing] any manure, soil, ashes, or rubbish, or other matter or thing thereon’, acts for which ‘any churchwarden or overseer of the parish in which such town or village green or land is situate’ might fine the offender, both for the offence itself and for the cost of remedying the effects of the offence. You have been warned!

South Glamorgan Coat of Arms

Though I’ve walked across the A4232 road bridge that crosses the River Taff where it flows in to Cardiff Bay many times – never a pleasant walk with all the traffic constantly flowing past at breakneck speed, I’d never until quite recently looked at the coat of arms that adorns either side of the bridge at both the eastern and western ends of its span.
 

I located a website, Civic Heraldry of England, Wales andNorthern Ireland, which aims ‘to collect together in one place information about the coats of arms of local authorities in England, Wales and Northern Ireland both current and obsolete.’ This is the information provided for the coat of arms of the South Glamorgan County Council, written in the obscure jargon of heraldry:

SOUTH GLAMORGAN COUNTY COUNCIL CYNGOR SIR DE MORGANNWG
*ARMS: Vert on a Pile reversed throughout Ermine between two Towers Or a Roundel per pale of the last and Gules charged with three Chevronels also per pale Gules and Argent ensigned with an ancient Crown Gold.
*CREST: Within a Mural Crown Gules a Mitre affrontée Or; Mantled Vert doubled Argent.
*SUPPORTERS: On the dexter side a Dragon and on the sinister side a winged Lion both Gules and each supporting a Trident Or.
*BADGE: Within an Annulet ensigned by a Mural Crown three Chevronels all Or.
Motto 'Y DDINAS A'R FRO' - The City and the Vale.

That website includes a coloured image of the coat of arms but I also located one on Wikimedia that shows the coat of arms more clearly and is free to use under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. It is shown below. And if you want to try to decipher the heraldry jargon, there’s a beginner’s guide on The Heraldry Society’s website. 

South Glamorgan County Council was active from 1974 to 1996, and consisted of Cardiff, which is now its own district; parts of south Glamorgan, which are now included in the Vale of Glamorgan district; and St Mellons, which is now in Monmouthshire.

El Galeón Andalucía

The Paddle steamer Waverley (see last week’s blog) is not the only historic ship to have graced local waters in recent weeks; Cardiff has also had a visit from this Spanish replica, the Galeón Andalucía. 

The galleon arrived in Cardiff Port on Tuesday 28 May and, having extended its stay for an additional week, departed on Sunday 14 June. During its stay, the galleon was moored in Roath Basin and was open to visitors every day from 10am to 8pm, at a price; the standard adult cost was £15, not an amount I was prepared to pay so this blog only has exterior photos of the ship. 

According to the information on the galleon’s website,

The Galeón Andalucía is an impressive 55-meter-long ship featuring six decks, meticulously built from iroko and pine wood. It boasts nearly 1,000 square meters of sail area spread across seven sails. Built by the Fundación Nao Victoria in Punta Umbría (Andalusia, Spain) with rigorous historical accuracy, it showcases the thousands-of-years-old maritime tradition of the Andalusian community.

Galleons like Andalucía were built in both Portugal and Spain from the early 16th century to transport cargo from the newly discovered territories in the Americas back to Europe. (Similar ships were also built in other European countries during the age of sail but these are not usually known as galleons.) 

Due to the richness of their cargo and the possibility of piracy at sea, the galleons were heavily armed, as you can see from the cannons poking out from the open portholes in the Andalucía, and, taking advantage of the weaponry they carried, the galleons were also used as warships until the mid-17th century when ships were purpose-built for the Anglo-Dutch Wars. 

Since it was built during 2009-2010, the Galeón Andalucía has sailed thousands of miles around the world, visiting more than 100 different ports in cities as diverse as Liverpool and Shanghai, New York and Singapore, Quebec and Manila. The website of the Nao Victoria Foundation, which built and operates not only this galleon but also other replica ships, explains that the Andalucía ‘travels as a floating ambassador for Andalusia as a tourist destination’. 

The Galeón Andalucía visited Cardiff as part of its 2026 European tour, during which the replica will visit ports in England, Ireland, and other European countries. I’m sure admirers of historical maritime transport in those locations will enjoy views of and visits to this very impressive ship.